A court in Madrid has ruled that critics of Jehovah’s Witnesses can legally describe the group as a “destructive sect” without facing defamation claims, citing protections for freedom of expression.
The Provincial Court of Madrid upheld a 2023 decision in favour of the Spanish Association of Jehovah’s Witnesses Victims, concluding that its public criticism does not unlawfully harm the religious group’s reputation. According to the ruling dated April 16, such descriptions fall within the boundaries of protected speech under Spanish law, even if they are considered offensive.
The court further stated that claims suggesting membership in Jehovah’s Witnesses could harm health, endanger lives, or create victims are also protected expressions, even when they may be unpleasant or hurtful to the organisation.
The case originated from a complaint filed by six members of Jehovah’s Witnesses in Spain, who argued that the use of the term “victims” in the association’s name was defamatory and sought to have the group dissolved. However, the court rejected the claim, reinforcing the principle that freedom of expression includes the right to voice critical or controversial opinions.
Carlos Bardavio, the lawyer representing the association, described the judgment as unprecedented, noting that it is the first time a court has explicitly allowed a formally recognised religion to be labelled a “destructive sect” within the bounds of the law.
Founded in 1870 by Charles Taze Russell in Pennsylvania, Jehovah’s Witnesses is a global Christian movement with an estimated nine million followers. The group is widely known for its door to door evangelism and its stance against blood transfusions, based on religious beliefs about the sanctity of blood.
Over the years, the organisation has faced criticism from former members and advocacy groups, with allegations ranging from strict internal control to social shunning of those who leave. Some high profile cases involving refusal of blood transfusions for children have also drawn international attention.
The ruling is not yet final and may still be appealed to Spain’s Supreme Court.
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